What condition is defined by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin?

Anemia is defined as a deficiency in the number of red blood cells or in the amount of hemoglobin they contain. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body, so when there is a deficiency, it can result in reduced oxygen delivery to tissues and organs. This can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and decreased exercise tolerance, as the body struggles to function optimally without adequate oxygen supply.

Understanding anemia is crucial in the biomedical field, as it can have various underlying causes, including nutritional deficiencies (like iron, vitamin B12, or folate), chronic diseases, or bone marrow disorders. Recognizing anemia is vital for proper diagnosis and treatment, as addressing the underlying cause can often restore hemoglobin levels and improve the patient's overall health.