Ion exchange chromatography separates compounds based on what factor?

Ion exchange chromatography is a technique used to separate and purify compounds based on their charge characteristics. The process relies on the interaction between the charged groups of the target compounds and the charged matrix within the chromatography column. In this method, substances are either positively or negatively charged, and they will adhere to the oppositely charged resin in the column.

When a mixture of compounds is passed through the column, those with a greater affinity for the charged matrix will bind to the resin while others may pass through more quickly. By adjusting the conditions, such as the pH of the buffer or the salt concentration, the bound compounds can be selectively eluted and separated based on their specific charge. This makes affinity for a charged matrix the key factor in the separation process, allowing for precise isolation of different ions or molecules without being influenced significantly by their boiling point, molecular weight, or water solubility.